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A330/A340 Flight Crew Training Manual
dream-air.ru›new/pilotam/FCTM_ENV_LR-1-.pdf
dream-air.ru›new/pilotam/FCTM_ENV_LR-1-.pdfFLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
01.030
JAN 09/07
AUTOPILOT/FLIGHT DIRECTOR
R MSN 0002-0860
R(1)
OBJECTIVE
The Auto Pilot (AP) and Flight Director (FD) assist the flight crew to fly the
aircraft within the normal flight envelope, in order to:
. Optimize performance in the takeoff, go-around, climb, or descent phases
. Follow ATC clearances (lateral or vertical)
. Repeatedly fly and land the aircraft with very high accuracy in CAT II and
CAT III conditions.
To achieve these objectives:
. The AP takes over routine tasks. This gives the Pilot Flying (PF) the
necessary time and resources to assess the overall operational situation.
. The FD provides adequate attitude or flight path orders, and enables the PF
to accurately fly the aircraft manually.
MANAGED AND SELECTED MODES
The choice of mode is a strategic decision that is taken by the PF.
Managed
To fly along the
pre−planned F−PLN,
entered in the MCDU
For specific ATC requests,
or when there is not sufficient
time to modify the MCDU F−PLN
FOF 01030 00013 0001
Selected
Managed modes require:
. Good FMS navigation accuracy (or GPS PRIMARY)
. An appropriate ACTIVE F-PLN (i.e. the intended lateral and vertical
trajectory is entered, and the sequencing of the F-PLN is monitored).
ENV A330/A340 FLEET FCTM Page 1 of 18 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
01.030
JAN 09/07
If these two conditions are not fulfilled Revert to selected modes
FOF 01030 00014 0001
MAIN INTERFACES WITH THE AP/FD
MCDU
Long−term* interface
To prepare lateral or vertical
revisions, or to preset the speed
for the next phase.
interface
FCU
Short−term
To sеlесt the ATC HDG,
expedite, speed, etc.
(quickly performed "head−up")
FOF 01030 00015 0001
*The DIR TO function is an exception to this rule.
Operational Recommendation:
With the FMS, anticipate flight plan updates by: Preparing EN ROUTE
DIVERSIONS, DIVERSION TO ALTN, CIRCLING, LATE CHANGE OF RWY in
the SEC F-PLN. This enables the MCDU to be used for short-term actions.
TASKSHARING AND COMMUNICATIONS
The FCU and MCDU must be used, in accordance with the rules outlined below,
in order to ensure:
. Safe operation (correct entries made)
. Effective inter-pilot communication (knowing each others intentions)
. Comfortable operations (use "available hands", as appropriate)
ENV A330/A340 FLEET FCTM Page 2 of 18 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
01.030
JAN 09/07
MCDU entries are performed by the
PF, during a temporary transfer of
command to the PNF.
A crosscheck must be performed.
Time−consuming entries should be
avoided below 10000 feet.
(PERF APPR, DIR TO, DIR TO
INTERCEPT, RAD NAV, LATE
CHANGE OF RUNWAY, ACTIVATE
SEC F−PLN, ENABLE ALTN)
FCU entries are performed by:
− The PF, with the AP on.
− The PNF (upon PF request),
with the AP off.
FCU entries must be announced.
Upon FCU entries:
The PF must check and announce the
corresponding PFD/FMA target and
mode.
The PNF must crosscheck and
announce "CHECKED".
FOF 01030 00016 0001
Entries should be restricted to those
that have an operational benefit.
AP/FD MONITORING
The FMA indicates the status of the AP, FD, and A/THR, and their
corresponding operating modes. The PF must monitor the FMA, and announce
any FMA changes. The flight crew uses the FCU or MCDU to give orders to the
AP/FD. The aircraft is expected to fly in accordance with these orders.
The main concern for the flight crew should be:
WHAT IS THE AIRCRAFT EXPECTED TO FLY NOW ?
WHAT IS THE AIRCRAFT EXPECTED TO FLY NEXT ?
If the aircraft does not fly as expected:
And, if in managed mode sеlесt the desired target
FOF 01030 00017 0001
Or, disengage the AP, and fly the aircraft manually.
AUTOPILOT (AP) OPERATION
The AP can be engaged within the normal flight envelope, 5 seconds after liftoff
and at least 100 ft. It automatically disengages, when the aircraft flies
significantly outside the normal flight envelope limits.
ENV A330/A340 FLEET FCTM Page 3 of 18 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
01.030
JAN 09/07
The AP cannot be engaged, when the aircraft is outside the flight envelope.
Flight control laws are designed to assist the flight crew to return within the flight
envelope, in accordance with the selected strategy.
The AP may be used:
. For autoland: Down to the aircraft landing rollout, in accordance with the
limitations indicated in the FCOM
. For other approaches, the minimum height is :
The MDA for straight in Non Precision Approach
MDA-100 ft for circling approach
160 ft for ILS approach with CAT1 displayed on
500 ft for all others phases.
It may also be used, in case of:
. Engine failure: Without any restriction, within the demonstrated limits, including
for autoland
. Abnormal configuration (e.g. slats/flaps failure): Down to 500 feet AGL. Extra
vigilance is required in these configurations. The flight crew must be ready to
take over, if the aircraft deviates from its intended, safe flight path.
The sidestick’s instinctive disconnect pushbutton should be used to disengage the
AP. Instinctive override action on the sidestick consists of pushing or pulling the
sidestick, when the AP is engaged. This action disengages the AP, and should
be done as per design, i.e. in case of an instinctive reaction (to an AP hard over
for example).
USE OF THE FD WITHOUT THE AP
When manually flying the aircraft with the FDs on, the FD bars or the FPD
symbol provide lateral and vertical orders, in accordance with the active modes
that the flight crew selects.
Therefore:
. Fly with a centered FD or FPD
. If not using FD orders, turn off the FD.
It is strongly recommended to turn off both FDs, to ensure that the A/THR is in
SPEED mode, if the A/THR is active.
AUTOTHRUST (A/THR)
ENV A330/A340 FLEET FCTM Page 4 of 18 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
01.030
JAN 09/07
R MSN 0002-0860
OBJECTIVE
The A/THR computer (within the FG) interfaces directly with the engine computer,
referred to as the FADEC.
The A/THR sends to the FADEC the thrust targets that are needed to:
. Obtain and maintain a target speed, when in SPEED mode
. Obtain a specific thrust setting (e.g. CLB, IDLE), when in THRUST mode.
INTERFACE
When the A/THR is active, the thrust lever position determines the maximum
thrust that the A/THR can command in SPEED or THRUST mode. Therefore,
with A/THR active, thrust levers act as a thrust limiter or a thrust-rating panel.
The A/THR computer does not drive back the thrust levers. The PF sets them to
a specific detent on the thrust lever range. The A/THR system provi
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